响应面法优化Co2+掺杂TiO2制备工艺研究

利用共沉淀-水热法制备了钴掺杂二氧化钛光催化剂,以催化降解水中草甘膦效率为指标,采用响应面法对钴掺杂二氧化钛光催化剂的制备条件进行优化。结果表明,钴掺杂二氧化钛光催化剂的最佳制备工艺为:水热反应温度139.64℃、水热反应时间23.75h、煅烧温度408.17℃和煅烧时间4.04h。利用最佳制备条件下制得的钴掺杂二氧化钛光催化剂催化降解水中草甘膦,降解效率接近80%,与纯二氧化钛相比,催化降解效率有较大幅度提升。     

MOFs/水凝胶复合材料的制备及其应用研究

金属有机框架(MOFs)具有大量的孔隙结构和活性位点,在气体吸附、催化、医疗等领域均发挥了巨大的作用。MOFs是晶体粉末,具有脆性较大、在水中易分解和不易回收等缺点,从而限制了其应用。通过MOFs与柔性高分子的复合,特别是与水凝胶的复合,极大地改善了复合材料的柔顺性、可回收和可加工性等特性,进一步拓宽了MOFs的应用领域。本文详细阐述了基于水凝胶MOFs原位生成法、MOFs /水凝胶同时生成法和水凝胶包裹MOFs法等三种不同方法制备MOFs/水凝胶复合材料的研究进展,并对上述三种制备方法的特点及其产物特征进行了总结,进一步归纳了复合材料在生物医药、催化、废水处理和气体吸附等领域的应用。最后,对MOFs/水凝胶复合材料制备方法的改进和复合材料应用前景进行了深入讨论和展望。     

稀土掺杂上转换纳米颗粒-金属有机骨架复合材料的研究进展

稀土掺杂上转换纳米颗粒-金属有机骨架复合材料是一类新型的功能复合材料. 它不仅结合了稀土掺杂上转换纳米颗粒和金属有机骨架这两种材料的特性, 体现了两者复合后的协同效应, 还具有设计灵活和功能易拓展等优势. 本文聚焦稀土掺杂上转换纳米颗粒-金属有机框架复合材料的最新发展, 总结了该类复合材料的制备方法, 介绍了其在生物和催化等领域的应用, 并对其面临的挑战和发展前景进行了展望.     

ZIF-8衍生的具有可控氧空位的ZnO对光催化去除NO的增强及毒性NO2形成的抑制

氧化锌作为一种半导体材料,具有合适的能带结构位置,高催化效率,低成本和环境可持续性,因而广泛用于光催化领域.然而,由于氧化锌的宽带隙,可见光吸收能力差以及光生电子-空穴对的快速复合,极大地影响了其光催化效率.通过引入氧空位调控光催化剂的结构被证明是一种可以改善光生载流子的分离,从而提高光催化性能的有效方法.本文以ZIF-8为前驱体,采用两步煅烧法合成了具有不同浓度氧空位分布的ZnO纳米光催化剂,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、电子顺磁共振(EPR)、荧光光谱仪(PL)等手段系统地分析了合成的光催化剂的理化性质,并评价了它们在可见光下光催化氧化去除NO反应性能.EPR结果表明,样品中氧空位的浓度取决于温度处理的过程.通过两步煅烧法得到氧化锌中氧空位的含量高于一步直接煅烧法所得的样品.此外,随着煅烧温度升高,合成的氧化锌晶格越完好,其氧空位含量越少.UV-Vis DRS结果表明,两步煅烧法合成的ZnO与商业的ZnO及一步法直接煅烧合成的ZnO相比,其吸光范围从紫外光拓展到了可见光,表现出了更加优异的吸光性能.光催化反应结果表明,与商业氧化锌和一步直接煅烧法所得样品相比,两步煅烧法合成的样品表现出了更优异的光催化去除NO性能,并抑制了中间产物毒性NO2的产生,促进了NO的深度氧化.具体反应路径为:在光照过程中,光生电子很容易被氧空位俘获,与O2反应产生更多的超氧自由基(·O2^-),从而将NO氧化成最终的产物硝酸盐.尤其有趣的是,先在350 ℃煅烧2小时再400℃煅烧1小时的两步法样品Z 350-400的NO去除效率分别比一步法样品Z 400(400℃煅烧)和商用ZnO高出1.5和4.6倍.这表明以MOF材料衍生的具有适当量氧空位的金属氧化物为一种高效去除NO的光催化剂具有很好的应用前景.     

Facial Synthesis of Adsorbent from Hemicelluloses for Cr(VI) Adsorption

It is challenging work to develop a low-cost, efficient, and environmentally friendly Cr(VI) adsorbent for waste water treatment. In this paper, we used hemicelluloses from chemical fiber factory waste as the raw material, and prepared two kinds of carbon materials by the green hydrothermal method as adsorbent for Cr(VI). The results showed that hemicelluloses hydrothermally treated with citric acid (HTC) presented spherical shapes, and hemicelluloses hydrothermally treated with ammonia solution (HTC-NH₂) provided spongy structures. The adsorption capacity of the samples can be obtained by the Langmuir model, and the adsorption kinetics could be described by the pseudo-second-order model at pH 1.0. The maximum adsorption capacity of HTC-NH₂ in the Langmuir model is 74.60 mg/g, much higher than that of HTC (61.25 mg/g). The green hydrothermal treatment of biomass with ammonia solution will provide a simple and feasible way to prepare adsorbent for Cr(VI) in waste water treatment.     

Electrospun Nanofibrous Adsorption Membranes for Wastewater Treatment: Mechanical Strength Enhancement

Functional nanofibrous membranes fabricated by electrospinning technology have attracted much attention in the removal of heavy metal ions from contaminated wastewater. The high specific surface area, high porosity and ease of functionality create an enhanced throughput and high adsorption capacity of the nanofibrous membrane. However, the relatively poor mechanical properties of the membrane with a non-woven nanofibrous structure are one of the major concerns, which can limit the applications in wastewater treatment. Different strategies and methodologies were explored to address the problems and were reviewed in this work, highlighting the possibilities of overcoming the poor mechanical properties of the nanofibrous membrane and to ensure the recyclability and reusability of the membrane during the adsorption process.     

Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Dots and Their Application in Ascorbic Acid Detection

Water-soluble fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized by a hydrothermal method using citric acid as the carbon source and ethylenediamine as the nitrogen source. The repeated and scale-up synthetic experiments were carried out to explore the feasibility of macroscopic preparation of CDs. The CDs/Fe³⁺ composite was prepared by the interaction of the CDs solution and Fe³⁺ solution. The optical properties, pH dependence and stability behavior of CDs or the CDs/Fe³⁺ composite were studied by ultraviolet spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. Following the principles of fluorescence quenching after the addition of Fe³⁺ and then the fluorescence recovery after the addition of asorbic acid, the fluorescence intensity of the carbon dots was measured at λex = 360 nm, λem = 460 nm. The content of ascorbic acid was calculated by quantitative analysis of the changing fluorescence intensity. The CDs/Fe³⁺ composite was applied to the determination of different active molecules, and it was found that the composite had specific recognition of ascorbic acid and showed an excellent linear relationship in 5.0–350.0 μmol·L⁻¹. Moreover, the detection limit was 3.11 μmol·L⁻¹. Satisfactory results were achieved when the method was applied to the ascorbic acid determination in jujube fruit. The fluorescent carbon dots composites prepared in this study may have broad application prospects in a rapid, sensitive and trace determination of ascorbic acid content during food processing.     

以纯硅silicalite-1为晶种制备空心结构ZSM-5沸石分子筛

微孔分子筛在实际应用过程中常常受到扩散限制的影响,分子筛内部的利用率不高;制备空心结构分子筛对于改善分子筛扩散传质、提高分子筛利用率具有重要意义。以纯硅silicalite-1为晶种,以四丙基氢氧化铵(TPAOH)为结构导向剂制备ZSM-5分子筛;无定型硅铝物种首先在晶种表面晶化生长,同时碱性合成体系的碱度则可以溶解不稳定的silicalite-1晶种,通过控制调变生长与溶解的相对速率制备得到具有空心结构的ZSM-5分子筛;该多级孔道ZSM-5分子筛的制备方法简单、易操作,具有广泛的应用潜力。     

泡沫镍负载Fe2O3@Ni3S2纳米线网状结构电极的制备及其电催化析氧性能

通过两步水热法制备泡沫镍(NF)负载Fe_2O_3纳米粒子@Ni_3S_2纳米线网状结构电极(Fe_2O_3@Ni_3S_2/NF)。运用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、N_2吸附-脱附测试等方法对电极材料的物相和微观结构特征等进行了表征。水热条件下原位表面化学刻蚀生成的Ni_3S_2纳米线与三维多孔NF基体间拥有强结合力和低界面电阻,Fe_2O_3粒子均匀分布在纳米线的表面。在1 mol·L~(-1)的KOH溶液中,运用线性扫描伏安测试(LSV)、计时电位法、电化学交流阻抗测试(EIS)等对电极的电催化析氧(OER)性能进行了测试。结果表明:在100 mA·cm~(-2)的超高电流密度下,Fe_2O_3@Ni_3S_2/NF电极的OER过电势仅为223 mV,比Ni_3S_2/NF材料的过电势降低了285 mV;经过10 h计时电位测试,性能保持率高达80%。     

零价铁耦合厌氧微生物法在废水处理中的应用

零价铁(ZVI)与厌氧微生物的耦合是一项很有前景的技术,在难降解有机废水的去除中得到了广泛关注。该耦合技术将ZVI技术的高效性与厌氧生物技术的经济性有效融合,在多元微电场和厌氧微生物协同作用下,有效降低难降解有机物的生物抑制性和毒性。本文综述了此技术处理工业废水的潜在机理、实际应用中主要操作参数及影响条件以及处理含氯化合物、重金属、染料等生物难降解污染物的研究进展。归纳了ZVI与厌氧微生物耦合对上述污染物进行高效去除的研究现状,并对该技术在实际工程应用方面的可行策略进行了展望。